John Proctor and comment Essay

The first opening scene is of some girls in the woods using magical rites to get the man of their dreams. The girls are mentioning the names of men they want and throwing what looks like herbs into a cauldron one girl gives a chicken to a black girl called Tituba who is at the side of the cauldron, and at this point she looks like the leader in these magical rites. The girls all shout at Tituba to make a spell to make the boys fall in love with them. One girl asks Abigail who she likes and another replies ‘John Proctor’ and then Abigail whispers something to Tituba who doesn’t seem to like what is being asked of her. Abigail then grabs the chicken from Tituba and throws it on the floor and then puts the blood of the chicken on her mouth. The girls are suddenly alerted to a man spying on them he even sees one of the girls naked they become hysterical and the next day we find that two of the younger girls have gone into a trance-like state probably because they were frightened of the consequences of their actions. The watcher’s daughter Betty Parriss was one of the girls in a trance. The watcher was none other than Reverend Samuel Parriss who is also the uncle of Abigail Williams. Reverend Parriss is terrified by what he has seen. He is quite hysterical as he knows that if a witch was to live within his own home the fingers of the village of Salem would point towards him and his days in the Church would be over, but even worse they could hang him. The Reverend questions Abigail in Betty’s bedroom, whilst she is in the trance like state,on what he has witnessed in the woods and he warns her that his whole life depends upon her answering ‘truthfully’. He knows he has many enemies in the village and needs Abigail to tell him the ‘truth’. This would of course be the truth that he wished to hear and it appears from his hysteria that he wants anything but the truth. At this point Abigail actually answers quite truthfully and tries to explain to her Uncle that they were only messing about by saying ‘it were sport, uncle. ‘

Beowulf Essay

In the epic poem â€Å"Beowulf†, the poet presents both the elements courage and cowardice. These elements are very important and show up continuously throughout the poem. Although the poem is mainly about heroic battles, there are also many cowardly acts among the villagers. The poet significantly develops courage throughout the poem. It is shown when Beowulf challenges Grendel to a battle and ends up defeating him. It is stated that Beowulf fought without any armor and still won. Once done with the fight, he is faced with another battle which is Grendel’s mother. After a tough and long fight, Beowulf ends up winning as well. The brave and courageous thing about Beowulf is that he is willing to do anything and fight for his people, he gives it all his strength to save his village. For example, the challenge with Grendel started because he was terrorizing the Danes. Another example of courage in the poem is when Beowulf fights the dragon, it is clear that this is one of his toughest battles but he cares for his people and puts himself in danger. Beowulf accomplishes a lot for the survival of the Danes and the Geats. On the other hand, cowardice is also shown in the poem through Unferth. Unferth does not want to live under the â€Å"courageous† culture that is so popular in many men anymore. By this, he is letting so much happen to his kingdom and doesn’t care. The most coward thing that Unferth does is give away his sword, it was known back then that a virtuous warrior never parted from his sword. Just like Beowulf is very brave, he has his bad moment as well, he doesn’t want to admit that his time has come and that he is too old to fight the dragon. But the people in Geats show cowardice by not helping their king on his battle. Instead, they hide and just watch not even helping their king who has done so much for them. In conclusion, the epic poem â€Å"Beowulf† may have many brave people but it also shows how some throw away their position as king or do not want to fight for their people anymore, as well as the inconsiderate villagers. Both courage and cowardice are very well portrayed in the poem.

Changes During The Booming 1950s

Prosperity in the 1950s After the Second World War, the world changed and the lives of people changed. While North Americans see economic prosperity and improvements in life, every region of the world is trying to recover from the tragedy of war. The increase in demand for military products has resulted in an increase in the manufacturing industry. In Canada, as the army gets married back, mass production of baby boomers and various products boost the economy. Historians in the 1950s prosperous economy using the word prosperity, prosperous suburbs, and most importantly the so-called baby boom. This prosperity began in 1946. At that time, the number of babies reached a record level - 3.4 million people - born in the United States. In the 1950s, about 4 million babies were born each year. Generally, when prosperity flourished in 1964, there were about 77 million baby boomers. After the end of the Second World War, many Americans were enthusiastic about laying babies as they believed th at peace and prosperity are only the future. In many respects, they are correct. Between 1945 and 1960, the gross national product doubled from over $ 200 billion to over $ 500 billion. Turbulence I, 1920 - 50 years from 1920 to 1950, the effects of war, economic turmoil, and devastating social change. During this period, the roar of the 1920s will show economic prosperity, economic collapse of the Great Depression, and social destruction of the Second World War. Meanwhile, the government will introduce large-scale tariff protection to Australian manufacturers and strive to improve the economy and create employment. This protection is the largest in the tire manufacturing and apparel industry, which is a very powerful industry in Dunlop. These tariffs hinder Dunlop's import from abroad, but it will have a long-term impact, which will lower Dunlop's competitiveness to succeed in the global market. In the 1950s, Americans forgot the war and enjoyed a long economic boom (Butler). The e conomic boom of the 1950s and the 1960s was caused by a sharp increase in demand but it also reflected another long-term trend - mass production. By the eye-catching example of Henry Ford's Model T industry Have adopted large-scale production strategies and technologies to meet increasing public demand (Barton). The Great Depression has finally disappeared from the hearts of people, and many people did not want to participate in another war. It is said that many people do not know very little about the Korean War, but maybe people just want to avoid another war.

Short answers questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Short answers questions - Assignment Example This is also interpreted to mean that narrative identity is subject to personal interpretation of ethical identity and can be largely considered to be an illusionary identity of the reader. According to Thompson (65), the degree at which abortion can be considered morally permissible is constrained by factors that make it morally impermissible. Thompson (65) argues that abortion is morally permissible in circumstances such as when the necessary precautions to avoid pregnancy are taken but eventually conception occurs either way. In this case, the parents of the fetus can consider abortion as refusal to take responsibility for an outcome they are not ready to take responsibility of. On the other hand, Thompson (66) argues that since it is problematic to point at what point a fetus is considered to have a moral identity, it is rational to assume that fetuses are humans from the time of conception, thus, they have moral identities which make abortion the killing of a human. Thus, regarding the two counterarguments, abortion is both morally permissible and impermissible. By applying the Personal Identity Theory of Reductionism, which considers the psychological continuity affecting identity

Political Socialisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Political Socialisation - Essay Example One of the major criticisms against the process of political socialization has been that it adversely affects the large numbers of women in politics and the recent evidences from the politics of world nations substantiate this view. Politics is all about power and power relationships and the people who enjoy power have always been superior in politics. The process of political socialization has the power of defining the relationships among the members of the society and this process decides the matters and topics of political discussions. â€Å"The process of political socialization invariably involves the power to define relationships ‘including the capacity to nominate others as equal or unequal memorable or abject, discusser or the discussed.’ In the social system of the day, men are always regarded as the superior gender that has the potential in determining the course of political and social destinies of a nation and the role of women has been sidelined. The impact of the process of political socialization on the status of the large number of women in politics is largely due to the interference of society in the long process of political socialization. Political and feminist thinkers from time to time have been in criticism on the process of political socialization which deteriorates the role of female politicians all over the world. Kate Millett has been an acute critic of this process which, according to her, subjugates the female gender to the superiority of the opposite gender.... s been that it adversely affects the large numbers of women in politics and the recent evidences from the politics of world nations substantiate this view. Politics is all about power and power relationships and the people who enjoy power have always been superior in politics. The process of political socialisation has the power of defining the relationships among the members of the society and this process decides the matters and topics of political discussions. "The process of political socialisation invariably involves the power to define relationships 'including the capacity to nominate others as equal or unequal memorable or abject, discusser or the discussed.'" (Mangan P. 2). In this process of political socialisation, the involvement of women in the political matters is greatly affected. In the social system of the day, men are always regarded as the superior gender that have the potential in determining the course of political and social destinies of a nation and the role of women has been sidelined. The impact of the process of political socialisation on the status of the large number of women in politics is largely due to the interference of society in the long process of political socialisation. Political and feminist thinkers from time to time have been in criticism on the process of political socialisation which deteriorates the role of female politicians all over the world. Kate Millett has been an acute critic of this process which, according to her, subjugates the female gender to the superiority of the opposite gender. Thus, Millett has described the female's 'consent' to the male-over-female paradigm "as a process of socialisation in which women were constrained to be passive, ignorant, valued if at all for bearing children, a function shared with

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Research Paper Example A person would always be influenced, directly or indirectly, by a system of thought that may is usually universally acceptable. How then did whistle-blowing come about, and how does it affect ethical and moral systems per se? Whistle-blowing is an act wherein a person, normally the employee, is exposed to some grave wrong, illegal work, or unacceptable practice within a company, workplace, or among professionals. Due to the wrong committed, the employee publicly announces the wrong done, thinking of it as the only remaining effective way of helping put a stop to such practice, after all the other means prove to be a failure. In such situation, the person committing the act of exposing the company, or the employee/s thereof, is referred to as whistle-blower/s. As emphasized by McConnell, whistle-blowers expose a past or present wrongdoing that is committed by a company, an organization, or even by a group of medical experts (575). The act of whistle-blowing may be triggered by various reasons, depending on the circumstances of each case, but it all has the same purpose, which is to point an accusatory finger against an organization or company (572) for committing a wrong so grave, that it has to be publicized to the world. As to what degree a wrong done may be considered as worthy of whistle-blowing, that is for the whistle-blowers’ own prerogative. However, despite the fact that it is somehow subjective on the part of the whistle-blower to decide as to whether something is worth exposing, it can be said that the judgment arrived at by the whistle-blower is highly swayed by an ethical system or moral belief that he or she lives by. Benefits A person is generally a moral being. Whatever wrong or evil act a person does is most probably a deviation from the universal precept of what is considered as morally and ethically acceptable for humans. For example, it is morally wrong to kill. Law, jurisprudence, cultural norms, even religion (at least for the theist s), support this general rule. This is a universal moral law that most people would live by. In relation to a whistle-blower’s position, he or she publicly reveals a wrong done by a company or organization, not just because the wrong being done is contrary to acceptable practice within the industry or company mission, or criminal in nature, but more so, because the wrong committed is clearly an inexcusable violation of morally accepted principles. Aside from that, the wicked acts or practices employed produce either mass destruction or negative effects on the affected patients or clients. In this situation, it is irrelevant then if the act or practice is presently being committed or not, what is important is that a grave moral wrong exists that will harm people, whether it concerns a small or huge percentage of the population. Whistle-blowing does not only affect the parties involved, but it has a permanent and long lasting effect on society as well. For instance, whistle-blo wing serves as a reminder to companies and organizations that they cannot always get away with such things. Companies and organizations are always highly encouraged and expected to not just act within the confines of what is considered as acceptable within company regulations and governmental laws, but to act with reverence and respect of universal moral decrees and norms. Also, whistle-blowing incite companies and org

Implication of Globalization for Nation-State in Middle East Essay

Implication of Globalization for Nation-State in Middle East - Essay Example Vietnam, China and North Korea managed to resist the American aspiration to terminate communism for forty years. Yet they are not able to stand their ground against the over raging influence of East Asia's capitalist political economy. To say that the end of the cold war was of fundamental importance to American policy is destroying that very policy. It takes it out of vital perspective and obliterates its essential and primary aspirations and goals. There was a much larger "Cold War" strategy and the Cold War itself was only an influential fraction of the puzzle. A predominately American world order was established by the initial US-Soviet hostility. To truly understand America's Cold War policy one has to take a closer look not at its written and spoken policy but at its actions which predominately involve its allies. Officials had coined a new phrase, the US "preponderance of power". This was possible through the construction and preservation of the international economic and political order founded on the American prevalence of power. The allies of the US in East Asia and Europe managed to safeguard the conditions areas from themselves as a result of expelling power politics and nationalist rivalries. The term Globalization has come about because of the development the world has undergone in the technology and communication. Being candid towards and surrendering oneself entirely to the enveloping external powers is what Globalization is really about. More and more frequently the world is being described as a global village. While the economy of every country in the world has been influenced by the diversity of Globalization, it has not always had a positive effect. For the progress of Middle Eastern Least Developed Countries Globalization has actually been an impediment. It seems that Globalization has set out on a course of action which will lead to creating and spreading out international preferences in cultural, environmental, political, social and economic issues.

RESEARCH PROJECT & PROPOSAL 1 & 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

RESEARCH PROJECT & PROPOSAL 1 & 2 - Essay Example ementioned category which is distinguishing the product in a unique way, making it more interesting and attractive to a firm’s most desirable target segments (Hill and Hoskisson 2014). Many companies attempt to differentiate through benefits and features of a product that are unique to other competitive offerings, however not all firms manage to innovate such features to gain a unique, differentiated identity. Physical properties of a product, such as reliability and durability may not actually be unique from competitors, leading firms to seek alternative differentiation strategies to achieve the presentation of a more desirable and attractive product or service. Hence, many companies seek a promotional strategy in marketing, using advertising and consistent integrated marketing communications strategies to achieve a unique brand identity in a firm’s established market. One of the most common strategies, and often an expensive endeavour, is to seek celebrity endorsement of the product or brand as a means of making a product appear more attractive and relevant to consumer markets. Celebrities are defined as a person that has gained a recognised name and reputation that manages to attract attention from others (Gupta 2009). A person is considered a true celebrity when they have managed to attract popularity and fame, usually through media forums, that promote the person’s accomplishments or successes. Visibility in television programming, the achievement of substantial wealth, or one’s high performance in a particular domain, such as being a valuable athlete in sports, serves to distinguish the celebrity from others in general society. A celebrity might even have socially-aspirational physical features and attributes which portray consumers the impression that this individual is superior to others or generally remarkable and extraordina ry (Morgan 2010). Kahle and Homer (1985) discovered in a study that celebrities maintain characteristics which make them

How can we avoid having good Internet security technologies Essay

How can we avoid having good Internet security technologies compromised by the people who use them -- Lessons Learned from Pass - Essay Example In this scenario, the data transmitted over the web from confidential e-mail messages to web shopping information, moves all-through a sequence of systems and network connections. Thus, illegal scam artists and hackers avail sufficient chances to cut off or make illegal use of this information intentionally. Moreover, it would be practically not possible to protect each computer system linked to the internet on the earth; consequently there will certainly vulnerable connections in the way of data transmission over the internet (ReferenceForBusiness, 2011). Problems in Internet Security with Technical and Managerial Solutions There are lots of issues which need to be kept in mind when organizations and individuals make use of the internet. While talking about user personal information security the main issues are about hacking and theft of the user’s confidential information that need to be protected competently for the better security management. In this scenario, to deal with this issue password based information security is necessary at all levels of business and personal systems. Seeing that a password for an email or an Automated Teller Machine account or for conducting business over web, offers a security shield to the certified people to make their entrance to these information technology based systems. In this scenario, a password is a group of digits, numbers, symbols and letters to login into an information system. In addition, anniversary dates, birthday dates, social security numbers etc. are some of the common choices people make while choosing a password based security. On the other hand, most of the people favor utilizing automatic tools to produce security passwords. However, the basic concern is how secure these security based passwords are in an attempt to stop illegal access. Moreover, security of a system is frequently compromised when people leave their secret password and printed slip on systems, etc. Thus, the trend to save or note down these secret passwords to a note book or diary, frequently reveals the system to illegal access and consequently takes to unnecessary breach. There are a variety of causes and factors dependable for violation of security because of passwords. In this scenario, a common mistake most of the people make while choosing a secret password is that they select a simple combination. For instance, they develop passwords which are simple to memorize as well as extremely simple to deduce, like that passwords created on confidential data and information. In addition, these secret passwords are a superior threat of being exposed others. Thus, there is need for developing techniques to choose an extremely hard hidden security password (MightyStudent, 2011). Patch management is a circular procedure that should be continuous. On the other hand, the bad truth about software weaknesses is that, if we implement a patch today, a new susceptibility would require tackling next day. In this scenario, the process of building and automating a patch management procedure encompasses utilization of detection tools. These tools are used to check systems for omitted safety patches. In addition, this operation should be automatic in order to activate the patch management

The Causes of the Popularity of Video Games Essay Example for Free

The Causes of the Popularity of Video Games Essay Since the introduction of videogames to the public in the 1970s (Herman, et al 2002), it has become a popular form of entertainment, both outside and at home, for children and adults alike. The first successful video game, Pong, was so popular that game machines reportedly broke down due to excessive numbers of quarters inserted into the coin slots (Herman, et al 2002). Through the decades, its appeal never seemed to wane, as more gaming systems are developed and marketed and even more games created and published. The popularity of videogames never ceases to expand, and in the recent years, it has seemed to grow to new heights, attracting even adults who once considered videogames as mere children’s playthings, and females who did not play videogames because they are â€Å"for boys†. Advancements in technology, developments in gameplay and content, and the experience are the factors that the popularity of videogames mostly owes itself to. Technological advancements are on the move, faster than they have been in the past decades. Computers are gaining wider acceptance in the home and in the workplace, aiding in tasks such as writing and research, database management, and even education. Almost every home today has at least one computer under its roof. This increase in usage of computers provided game developers a window to a larger market. This was impossible back then, as computers were generally thought of as belonging to the workplace, and videogames are not meant to be played in offices. As computer technology improves, game developers can create better, more realistic graphics, longer games, and expansive gameplay, which attract even the most casual of computer users. However, PC games generally have a more limited scope in terms of genre and gameplay—most games for PCs are either First-Person Shooters (FPS) or strategy games (examples are Counter-Strike and Warcraft, respectively) Thankfully, due to these same advances in computer technology, electronics firms like Sony and Microsoft are able to develop standalone videogame consoles like the PlayStation and the Xbox, which become faster, better, and more powerful with each incarnation. These consoles compensate for where the PC lacks—it provides an even wider range of games available, and generally perform better as game systems than the PC, and this does much to attract an even larger audience of gamers. Portable game systems like the Nintendo DS and Sony PlayStation Portable introduced the idea of games on-the-go, which enables players to take the games out of their homes and bring them practically everywhere—useful in passing the time during road travel or waiting in line, or even during school breaks. These consoles, naturally, are crafted for people always on the move. Technology created an opportunity for videogames to become easily available and more popular. Another factor that helped videogames become a favorite hobby of many people is developments in gameplay, genre, and content. In its early forms, videogames are so simple that they become old in only a matter of days or even hours. The introduction of the high score system alleviated this somewhat, making even games like Pong playable over and over, with the goal of beating the other person’s score. However, even this will prove to be insufficient later on. Developers explored other types of games, and soon a multitude of different games with different play styles were born. Today, there are many games a player can choose from—including from platformers (like the Super Mario games), role-playing games (Diablo, Ultima), strategy games (Warcraft), fighting games (Street Fighter), and even educational games (Brain Age), among many others. These new genres made videogames attractive to different markets of different ages and interests. Even girls, who previously did not play videogames, have become attached to games like Dance Dance Revolution, because of their new, unisex appeal, and its health benefits, due to the game requiring actual physical endurance.. Adults, who used to shun videogames because they were associated with children, now have no excuse to not play videogames because there are games so challenging that only adults can fully appreciate them. There are also games catering specifically to adults nowadays, with additional violence and risquà © themes (Grand Theft Auto). This expansion of gameplay types, genres, and content enabled game companies to pierce through almost every market segment, and each person will most likely find a game suited to his or her own personal skills and interests. The experience of playing videogames is something that cannot be found in many pastimes, and videogames have become popular because of this characteristic. In story-driven games, for instance, gamers are not only treated to a fun, challenging game, they are also presented an engrossing story which rivals even those of best-selling novels. Multiplayer games pit players against each other in matches of skill or reflexes, depending on the game, and there is much enjoyment to be found competing against another player in one’s favorite game. Teamwork, leadership, and situational social interaction, previously found only in team-based sports games, can now be experienced in computer games in the form of multiplayer online role-playing games, where gamers from around the globe form parties striving together to complete an in-game quest or to find a rare item. Videogames provide an enriching, and sometimes even educational, and extremely unique experience, which they will keep coming back to time and again. The popularity of videogames and computer games will never decline, and will perhaps even increase in the future years, because of increasing technological developments, their wide-range appeal, and the sheer experience of playing them. They have made available mind-bending challenges, a great pastime for one or for many, and countless hours of fun and excitement. Works Cited Herman, Leonard, et al. â€Å"The History of Video Games.† Gamespot.5 February 2002. 6 June 2007 http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/hov/.

Shape Complexity Dynamics of Bangladesh Delta

Shape Complexity Dynamics of Bangladesh Delta Shape complexity dynamics of Bangladesh delta: A fractal dimension approach Sugata Hazra Anirban Mukhopadhyay#, Sandip Mukherjee, Abhra Chanda and Tuhin Ghosh Abstract The lower deltaic plain of Ganges Brahmaputra Delta in Bangladesh is a tidally active flood plain with anastomosing network of rivers and tidal creeks. The rapidly changing morphology of this delta is mainly due to huge sediment discharge transported down the drainage basins, it’s redistribution by tides and currents , erosion, deposition and sea level change. The shape complexity of this delta mainly near the estuaries has been a major concern for the Geomorphologists for a long time. During the recent past, the study of morphology and landscape evolution has gone through a radical change due to the advent of remote sensing techniques. The present research attempts an analysis the shape change dynamics of this deltaic island region of Sundarban for the last two decades on the basis of fractal dimension index coupled with modern remote sensing techniques. It is observed that the shape of the islands with respect to their margin irregularities are being caused due to the change in fractal geometry at the micro level which in turn is a function of sea level rise over this time period. Key words: Delta shape complexity; fractal dimension, Sundarban; Sea level rise. 1. Introduction Sundarban mangrove forest of Bangladesh comprises a huge network of small alluvial islands formed by the deposition of sediments, transported down the drainage basins of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers system (Gopal et al., 2006). Deltaic erosion and morphological change are continuously seen in the Sundarban region (Ghosh et al., 2003). Innumerable tidal creeks and channels with diurnal flow reversal and rapidly changing land forms make this delta a very dynamic one. Islands are undergoing erosion and accretion, therefore the morphology is continuously changing. The changes in the morphology are mainly driven by the variable supply of sediments (Brammer, 1993) and sea level change. Shape analysis is a process which identifies the pattern of landscape. The process describes distinction between regularity and irregularity of shape (). The prime objective of the shape analysis is to understand spatial pattern of a geographical phenomena and its possible cause and predicts a probable future pattern (). Shape index, in terms of magnitude of roundness of the object or the measure of irregularity in terms of roundness, is a statistical method to quantify shape of any unit of area. In a geographic context, shape is often characterized through a compactness indicator, which describes the form of a given region based on how far it deviates from a specified norm (e.g., circle, square, or triangle). The method for calculating this number utilizes one or more of the geometric parameters of the region being measured, such as area or perimeter (Elizabeth Wentz). The surface of the earth and especially landforms are always changing due to ever dynamic exogenetic forces contributing over the transformation of landforms in every moment of time. Due to this dynamism, the shapes of the landforms are not static outside a specific scale of time thus by creating the irregularity of shapes during the transformation process. Considering the transformation process as the media, we are required to examine the quantitative characterization of the shape irregularities of deltaic islands over the progressive temporal periods. The goal of the paper is to improve the ability to compar e the shape dynamics caused due to external factors thereof over two decadal periods. Also it is to suggest a method for improving the ability to compare the shape of landforms in a GIS environment with statistical base that is less dependent on direct human intervention or intuition or visual interpretation.[t1] As the fractional geometry especially known as fractal dimension of the object is a fundamental component of the object’s geometry to measure the irregularity. Fractal dimension is a fractionary value that describes the irregular of an object and how much of the space it occupies. It is a measure of how fragmented a fractal object is which may be understood as a characterization of its self-similarity (Backes and Bruno, 2008). We have taken this element as independent variable on the micro analytical base and by extracting the same for detection of overall shape change and the temporal dynamics of islands as the dependent variable on the macro analytical base over two decades. Sea level rise is found to be causal factor behind this dynamics. Present study aims at shape complexity dynamics study of Bangladesh Sunderban from 1999 to 2010 in the framework of Fractal Dimension (FD) and Shape Index (SI) analysis. 2. Study area and datasets Bangladesh, a low lying flood plain delta is the land of rivers and canals. This[t2] delta is formed at the confluence of Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna river system and their respective tributaries. Pramanik (1983) has divided the coastal zone of Bangladesh into three main regions namely eastern region, central region and western region. Our present study is mainly on the islands of central and western coastal regions. Central coastal zone extends from Feni river estuary to the eastern corners of the Sunderban. The zone receives a large volume of silt deposition from Ganga, Brahmaputra and Meghna river system. The sediment load comprises more than 70% of the silt with additional 10% sand (Sarwar, 2005). The morphology of this zone is very much dynamic due to huge river discharge and strong current leading to high rate of erosion and accretion. Numerous islands are located in this region. Many islands have formed by the accretion and many have disappeared in last few years due to erosion. Western region is mainly covered by Sunderban mangrove forest. Due to presence of mangrove forest this zone is comparatively stable in terms of erosion. The main characteristics of this zone are mangrove swamps, tidal creeks and mud flats. This region lies at 0.9 to 2.1 m above mean sea level (Iftekhar and Islam, 2004). Soil is of mainly silt loam or alluvial type. This region is very important for tourism due to Sunderban[t3]. Landsat TM-5 images of the year 1999 and 2010, 30 m spatial resolution, of Bangladesh Sunderban have been taken for this study. The path/row no of this datasets is[t4] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Satellite altimeter data of TOPEX (NASA) is taken for measurement of regional mean sea level using Nadir Pointing Radar Altimeter. The sea level rise is computed from the tide gauge measurement of various observatory of Bangladesh such as Hiron Point, Khepupara and Charchanga. Figure 1 3. Methodology The step by step procedures have been followed to examine the fact and to establish the concept. The raster and vector data processing and statistical analysis have been implemented in the remote sensing and GIS environment, the detail of which is furnished in the flow chart: Figure 2 3.1 Satellite data processing Two satellite imagery of different time (1999 and 2010) is taken into consideration in this study. Landsat TM-5 datasets were downloaded from the http://glovis.usgs.gov website. All the datasets are projected in UTM projection with zone no 45 and WGS 84 datum. 3.2 Measurement sea surface height variation The measurement of regional mean sea level and sea level anomaly is computed from satellite altimeter data of TOPEX (NASA-built Nadir Pointing Radar Altimeter using C band, 5.3 GHz, and Ku band, 13.6 GHz, and POSEIDON (CNES-built solid State Nadir pointing Radar Altimeter using Ku band, 13.65 GHz). The datasets are analyzed for measuring sea surface height from the year 1992 to 2012. Inverted barometer correction was applied to improve thedata quality (). 3.3 Delta morphology analysis This raster data format is changed to vector format by three successive stages. First is the digitization of the raw images in line layers. Once digitization is successfully completed, topology was built followed by the polygon building. After polygon building, creek and landmass layers are separated for two years. The landmass layers of polygons have converted to raster format again in order to use as the input for fractal dimension and shape index calculation in Fragstats (version 4.1) software. Fractal dimension and shape index are calculated using equation 1 and 2 (Jorge and Garcia, 1997). Shape Index = (1) Where, P is the perimeter of the polygon and A is the polygon area. If the polygon value is 1.0 it expresses maximum compaction, where the shape is circular. As the shape becomes more complex the SI increases. FractalDimension Index (D) = (2) The self similarity ratio and N is the number of step size here. Then[t5] the curve is defined as self-similar with fractal dimension D. FD of a curve may be any value D ranges from 1.0 to less than 2.0 for lines, and from 2.0 to less than 3.0 for surfaces. The higher the spatial complexity of a line or surface, the higher its fractal dimension (Nayak, 2008). Index Number Analysis[t6] is carried out to calculate the gradual changes of both the factors having the base year as 1999. The Simple Aggregative Index of FD (Eq. 3) and Simple Aggregative Index of SI (Eq. 4) are calculated to identify the change in FD and SI. The Fisher’s Ideal Index (I0n) is also computed to see the relative change of SI and FD during the period 1999 and 2010 (Eq. 5). It is a compound index calculated from Laspeyres’s Index and Paasche’s Index (). The relation between FD and SI is analysed in terms of regression and correlation to identify the relation between island shape and fractal geometry[t7]. Simple Aggregative Index of FD (I0n) = (∑pn / ∑p0) x 100(3) Simple Aggregative Index of SI (I0n) = (∑qn / ∑q0) (4) Fisher’s Ideal Index(5) Laspeyres’s Index = ∑qn p0/ ∑q0 p0 Paasche’s Index = ∑qn pn/ ∑q0 pn Fisher’s Ideal Index (I0n) = √(Laspeyres’s Index/ Paasche’s Index) x 100 Result and discussion Statistical analysis of change in delta morphology †¦..[t8] The histograms of Fractal Dimension Index (Figure 3) and Shape Index (Figure 4) have been analyzed separately to examine the general statistical trends of the data. The summery of the histograms of FD and SI of the year 1999 is listed in the Table[t9] 1. It is observed that the modal frequency class has been defragmented into the higher FD values beyond the median range of 1.056 in 2010 and also the fractal diversity increases by 2 new classes in this year. The histograms of FD and SI of the year 2010 are summarized in the Table 2. It is perceived that despite of being the modal class persistent, the frequency in the modal class is defragmented and distributed into higher SI classes beyond the median value of 1.475 and also 4 new SI classes are detected in the progressive period of 2010. Figure 3 Table 1 Figure 4 Table 2 The Simple Aggregative Index of FD and SI are shown (Box 1) which is 101.49% and 117.26% respectively. The Simple Aggregative Index shows there is only 1.49% increase in FDI whereas SI increases by 17.26% in between 1999 and 2010, revealing about 8.63% changing effect of FDI over Shape Index. The Simple Aggregative Index of FDI and SI have confirmed that both the FDI and SI increases in this period and there is a definite changing effect of fractal geometry over the shape of the islands between 1999 to 2010 whereas the magnitude of the changing effect is only 8.63%. The Fisher’s[t10] Ideal Index (Box 1) shows that the SI has increased with respect to FD by 5.19% from 1999 to 2010. It is signifying the there is a positive increase of shape diversity with respect to fractal diversity within the specified time period. Relationship between FD and SI The scatter plots and linear regression of FD and SI for 1999 and 2010 depicts that there is a strong positive relation of FD and SI of the Islands. The magnitude of Pearson’s correlation (r-value) increases with strong positive response in the 2010 is revealing that trend of changing shape diversity of Islands in terms of FD is increasing towards the gradual period. Both the r-values are positive and it is also evident that the relation of Island shapes with their fractal geometry becomes stronger in the progressive period of 2010 as the r-values have changed from 0.44 to 0.73. Figure 5 The causal factor of Shape Dynamics-Sea Level Changes To find the root cause of the shape[t11] dynamics of delta region, two main exogenetic factors have been examined on spatio-temporal basis such as creek density and sea level change. Creeks density is calculated for the year 1999 to 2010 by dividing the length of creek with the area of the island, which shows there is also a trend of gradual increase especially in mangrove forest area on the sea shore margin. It is observed that values of creek density increases towards the sea shore region where the sea water along with wave action is more active rather than dynamic river water in the inland areas which is shown in the Figure 6. Except one region the creek density is higher on the sea margin. The increase creek density may be the reason for formation of several islands in the central coastal zone due to defragmentation. Figure 6 The temporal data of sea level changes of three observation points i.e., Hiron Point, Khepupara and Charchanga (Figure 7) are analyzed to identify the sea level changes within 1979 to 2000, shown in Figure 8. The progressive graph of the data of this temporal period exhibits an average positive gradual trend of sea level rise in this region. Figure 7 Figure 8 To examine the causal source of that diversity and we have definitely found that there remains [t12]a positive sea level anomaly of 2.80 mm in between 1992 to 2012 in the concerned region (Figure 9). The fact again signifies that the sea level rise in the study area which contributes the changes of delta morphology capture in fractal geometry ultimately resulting into dynamism of island shapes over the progressive temporal period[t13]. Figure[t14] 9 Conclusion The objective of the present study is to analyse the shape complexity dynamics of Bangladesh Sunderban delta in between 1999 to 2010. The dynamism of the delta shapes is analysed using in terms of fractal dimension and shape index. The change in fractional geometry of island/delta within the specified time period is captured and the observations are strengthening with the help of other statistical indices. The analysis of FD and SI parameters of islands indicate that there is an exponential relation of Shape complexity with the changing FD within 1999 to 2010. The[t15] shape complexity of the islands of Bangladesh is increasing which is clearly evident from this study. There may be several factors for this complexity. Of these, sea level rise and creek density are important factors because Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to sea level rise (Brammer et al., 1993). But still there is no specific regional scenario for net sea level rise because the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta is still active and having dynamic morphology and delivers approximately 1.6 billion tone sediment at the face of Bangladesh annually (Broadus, 1993), while there are some parts where land is subsiding due to tectonic activities (Huq et al., 1996). So this sediment replenishment is considered to balance subsidence of delta (Agarwala et al., 2003). This sediment deposition along with strong tidal current is the reason for the formation of some new islands in the central coastal zone in last few years. But still it needs more detail scientific study to reveal the dynamic s of this delta complex and a lot of time series data of sea level rise to comment on this. It is also notable that result FD computation is varies over the scales. Hence, the observation and conclusion is valid only on the existing scale over which the experiment is carried out. It is also pointed out that further study may be undertaken to make more reasonable judgment over it. [t1]Need modification [t2]Co-ordinate, geographical extent [t3]No. of islands taken into consideration [t4]Path / row [t5]Model name [t6]What these indices indicates or signify [t7]Why used in this study (indices) [t8]Write something here [t9]Analyse more about table 1 and 2 [t10]Significance [t11]Is there any other cause like thermal expansion . at least mention it [t12]modify [t13]overall comments: write something about physical significance at least one or two paragraph. Things are statistically analysed physical significance and observation is necessary. [t14]Try to give a or two delta figure of two time with FD and SI value ebbraded to show the change in shape and FD relation. [t15]Check the conclution once

Essay examples --

1. MOTIVATION AND JOB SATISFACTION: The process that accounts for an individual's intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal o Intensity – how hard a person tries o Direction – effort that is channeled toward, and o consistent with, organizational goals o Persistence – how long a person can maintain effort Motivation is the driving force within individuals that impels them to action and job satisfaction is having a positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics. There are a lot of motivation theories like Maslow's need hierarchy which consists of five levels of needs which drives human to work, motivates them and gives them satisfaction according to the achievements. 1. Psychological needs: These are the basic needs that is food clothing and shelter for which the person works. After these needs get fulfilled the person looks up the next level to achieve the needs of next level. 2. Safety Needs: These are the needs after the first level of needs get satisfied. These include the job security, regular income, etc. After these needs get fulfilled the person looks up the next level to achieve the needs of next level. 3. Social Needs: After the basic psychological needs and the safety needs are met the person now looks for the social needs which is social belongingness at the place of work. The person need to be socially accepted in the organization. After these needs get fulfilled the person looks up the next level to achieve the needs of next level. 4. Self Esteem Needs: These needs are related to the rewards and recognition that the employee looks for in the organization. The person wants to be rewarded and recognized on the work and the efforts that he has put in com... ...ation they will be cheerful always, will have smile on their face then only they can make their customers happy, respectful states when they are actually knowing how to respect their elders when they come in any organisation and last but not the least is that they should be needy should be knowing the importance of the money. The recommendations under this can be that since the workers who are hired should be well aware of what’s going on in any organisation. Also when after recruitment when the employee is working efficiently he should be recommended further for promotion, this will go a long way in any organisation. REFRENCING- http://www.scribd.com/doc/100858948/17/Subjective-Factor-Theory http://www.scribd.com/doc/100858948/17/Subjective-Factor-Theory http://www.ukessays.com/essays/management/theories-of-leadership-in-tata-group-management-essay.php

Death comes for the archbishop :: essays research papers

Death Comes for the Archbishop By Willa Cather Willa Cather is the author of the award winning novel Death Comes For The Archbishop written in 1927. She was born in 1873 near Winchester, Virginia and soon moved to Nebraska (Cather, 1927). During her childhood she was surrounded by foreign languages and customs. Even at her young age she felt a connection to the immigrants in Nebraska and was intrigued with their connection to the land. Willa also loved writing about the vanished past of the American Southwest where nature and Christianity is opposed to the modern urban life and society (http://fp.image.dk). She was raised Episcopalian and later in life she joined the Protestant Church in search for spirituality while still being captivated with the grandeur of ceremonies performed in the Catholic Church. These fascinations were projected directly into to her writings, as seen in her book Death Comes For The Archbishop. This book was awarded the Howells Medal of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1930 (http://www.geocitie s.com). This book is considered an American Classic due to its longevity in popular literature. It also provides the important historical background on the Catholic Church and its impact on the American Southwest. Willa emphasizes, through her writings, the hardships of the people involved in making this part of America what it is today. It points out the influence of the earliest Spanish missionaries of the 16th century through the latter part of the 19th century involving French missionaries and exposes the corruptness as well as the dedication of the missionaries of the church. The book’s main setting is in the 19th century, during the settlement of New Mexico and Colorado and recalls the journeys that a priest undertook and the hardships overcame in order to meet his and the churches goal of bringing the Catholic faith to Mexicans and native Indians. Through his travels and the spiritual work in the beautiful, yet rough environment he was radically transformed. He was especially i nfluenced by the experiences of the westward movement of the agricultural frontier because of the impact of the native people. The main character of this book is Father Jean Marie Latour. He was consecrated the Catholic Vicar Apostolic of New Mexico and Bishop of Agathonica in partibus at Cincinnati and was destined to reach his Vicarate (Cather 1927) and help the people of the land. When he was given his mission to retrieve the bishopric (Cather 1927) by the Vatican in Rome he accepted it whole heartedly.

The Cognitive Revolution and Scientific Study of Psychology Essay

The cognitive revolution in psychology was a period during the 1950’s and 1960’s which involved radical changes to two major concepts in psychology which are consciousness and causality. It was also a period that saw to the abolishment of traditional science values of dichotomy and the worship of atomisation in science, replacing reductive micro deterministic views of personhood with holistic top-down view (Overskeid, 2008) The aim of this essay is to give an account of what constitutes the cognitive revolution, and also assess the contributions that the cognitive revolution has made to the scientific study of psychology. The cognitive revolution represents a diametric turn around in the century’s old treatment of mind and consciousness in science, such as the contents of conscious experience, whose subjective qualities were being discarded as mere causal epiphenomena (Sperry 1993). This paradigm shift brought with it alternative beliefs about the ultimate nature of things thereby bringing forth new answers to some of humanities deepest questions. The key assumption of cognitivism is that people have different mental states each of which can lead to a different response. The manipulation of these different states can be described in terms of algorithms all of which has become the defining paradigm of psychology (Sperry 1993) One major contribution that cognitivism had on the study of psychology as a science came in the form of psychological theories. It returned the conditioning theory as well as comparative psychology back to a position where they recognized the there were a number of qualitative differences between the psychological processing of humans and animal (Greenwood, 1999). This is as a result of the empirical prob... ...an Psychology. American psychologist, 47(2), 308-318 Robins R.W, Gosling S.D & Craik R.H (1999) An Empirical Analysis of Trends in Psychology. American psychologists, 54,(2), 117-128 Vosniadou S. (1996) TOWARDS A REVISED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY FOR NEW ADVANCES IN LEARNING AND INSTRUCTION. Learning and instruction,6( 2), 95-109. Sperry R. (1993) The Impact and Promise of the Cognitive Revolution. American Psychologist 48 (8) 878-885 Overskeid, Geir. (2008, January 1). They should have thought about the consequences: the crisis of cognitivism and a second chance for behavior analysis The Free Library. (2008). Retrieved January 01, 2011 from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/They should have thought about the consequences: the crisis of...-a0175445637 Newell, A., Shaw, J. C., & Simon, H. (1958). Elements of a theory of problem solving. Psychological Review, 84, 231–259.

Flowers, herbs and willows Essay

Also, the fact that Shakespeare did not add any stage directions to the play helps the director portray the protagonists in the light they see fit. This has granted directors the licence to portray Ophelia as either virginal or sexually knowledgeable. Brannagh uses the device of flashbacks to perfectly show his audience that he sees Ophelia as being less than innocent and that she and Hamlet have previously been sexually active. He does this without taking anything away from the script and gets his point across using a dialogue-less scene. However in the most recent silver screen version of Hamlet directed by Michael Almereyda, Ophelia is portrayed as being virginal and innocent as no sexual references appear during the film. This shows how different the character of Ophelia can b portrayed, almost as they were two separate individuals. The lack of stage directions not only makes it simpler for directors to portray her the way they want, but also for the audience, as they don’t have to decide whether she was innocent or not for themselves, but have it done for them. The third interpretation of Ophelia is that if her being sexually active. The scenes in which she goes mad strongly suggest her sexual knowledge comes from her own experiences with Hamlet, as she acts in a sexual manner. The songs she sings during her madness are also of a sexual nature, which further points to her being sexually active. There is evidence of sexual activity in Branagh’s production, during the previously mentioned flashback scenes. Richard Corum also supports the view that she was sexually active, however Shakespeare never states whether she was a virgin or not Her conversation with Hamlet in act3 scene2 strongly suggest that she and hamlet have had sexual relations, â€Å"you are keen, my lord, you are keen†. The keenness may be that of his sexual lust and she teases him by pointing it out. However much this may point towards the idea that they both have had sexual relations, Shakespeare still never specifically says whether she is a virgin or not. Richard Corum investigates the symbolism and significance of the â€Å"flowers, herbs and willows, † that Ophelia talks off in chapter nine. Corum implies that through the flower imagery that Ophelia uses, it is undoubtedly obvious that she is not innocent. The flowers symbolize Ophelia’s wishes to regain her lost purity and to once again become an ‘innocent flower’. The â€Å"fennel† that is mentioned represents the â€Å"fickleness of love†. Folklore of the time also suggests that fennel and rue were â€Å"abortion-inducing agents†. The willow which Ophelia was holding when she was found dead, was also thought to hold the same properties, which means that Ophelia attempted to abort a pregnancy before the died. Furthermore, the term â€Å"flowers† was used at the time as a term for menstruation, which suggests that Ophelia’s â€Å"interest in rosemary† was a way of her trying to tell herself that her menstruation cycle continued as is normal, meaning she was trying to convincer herself that she was not pregnant. Corum also states that rue supposedly made men impotent and that in handing it to Hamlet, Ophelia was trying to prevent a â€Å"situation that is now perhaps unpreventable† Corum’s examination of the flowers in Act 4, Scene 5, seems to be viable. This is mainly due to his study being based on folklore that existed in Shakespearean times. The ideas themselves are plausible as they clearly fit into the character of Ophelia and can be related credibly to her apparent affair with Hamlet. Instead of outright stating Ophelia’s sexual knowledge Shakespeare uses this symbolism and imagery as subtle undertones to incorporate the idea of her sexual exploits. Shakespeare has always had strong-minded female protagonists in his plays, which means that the assertion that Ophelia is a character of considerable aptitude is not a new phenomenon. Lady Macbeth for example is the driving force behind her husband’s ambition and influenced him to kill the king. Juliet is another astute and determined character despite her young age, her character proves that women can challenge the authority of the men, as she does with her father by marrying Romeo. Taking the conception of Ophelia being a strong minded and autonomous character would by no means be extreme, as the examples I have given surely provide enough evidence that Shakespeare has presented female characters as being of a significant standing.

Point of View Essay

His mother attends these classes to reduce her high blood pressure. He escorts her there every week because she refuses to take the bus alone since integration. His mother is extremely prejudice and Julian was the total opposite. In Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter this story is about the life of Mrs. Dutta, an old, widowed Indian woman who had moved into her son’s American home two months prior. Mrs. Dutta struggles with not running a house and in the midst is writing a letter to a dear friend back home contemplating weather to be truthful or to be honorable to her family. First I would like to review witch point of view is being used both stories. For the first short story Everything That Rises Must Converge, the story is being told from a third person point of view. The story has someone who is not any of the characters stating the events that are happening or events that had happened. Also the third person point of view is giving the dialog between and among characters. In this quote from the story it is evident that it is being told from a third person point of view â€Å"She said this every time he took her to the reducing class. (Burroway) This narrative persona is in fact close to the story because it knows how the characters in the story are feeling as well as their individual thoughts. For example â€Å"It gave him a certain satisfaction to see injustice in daily operation. † (Burroway) For this specific story the Implied author does not seem to be close to the narrative persona. It is not evident who is actually telling the story and its’ events. The story is not told in past tense which would imply that Julian was the one in fact telling the story. For Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter this is also told form a third person point of view. We can see that the story is not being told by any of the characters, and it shows the emotions and actions of everyone in the story. The narrative persona for this story is more close to Mrs. Dutta then other characters as the story mainly revolves around how Mrs. Dutta is feeling and her actions. The narrative persona shows a glimpse of the other characters emotions while focusing on Mrs. Dutta. â€Å"Mrs. Dutta, who had never, through forty-two years of marriage, addressed Sagar’s father by name tried not to wince. † (Borroway)Both stories are similar by the fact that they have the same type of narrative persona. In other stories such as What You Pawn I Will Redeem this is coming from a first person narrative. The story is being told by the main character and he knows little about the other emotions felt by other characters. For Everything That Rises Must Converge and Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter the distance would seem to be closer as the reader knows each of the characters’ feelings and their emotions. Secondly, we can review of the types of irony that is being used for each story. Every story has its individual way of conveying a message to its readers. Irony is a way for the story to indicate an intention of that which is happening in the story. In Everything That Rises Must Converge the type of irony that is being used is dramatic irony. In the story we can see that when Julian’s mother gets hit by the African American women Julian doesn’t think it is a big deal. He repeatedly tells his mother to get up and that is what she deserved. Not knowing in fact that she was unconscious, non responsive, and possibly dead. In Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter this story would also have dramatic irony. In this story the family does not know that Mrs. Dutta is rather unhappy living with her son in America. Mrs. Dutta always tries to hide her true feelings from her family, and is reluctant to tell the truth to her best friend in India, but the reader knows Mrs. Dutta’s true feelings. Also we can see how the voice affects the plot of each story. Since both Everything That Rises Must Converge and Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter have a similar voice, the plots in both stories are affected almost the same way. With the voice being from a third person point of view the reader is able to know the qualities of each character. In Everything That Rises Must Converge knowing both emotions for Julian and his mother, we are able to see both sides of what they are thinking. This helps with knowing the actions that might take place next and also to know why the character responded in such a way. Julian’s mother is very prejudice, and since the reader is able to know her feeling we can see why Julian acted the way he did when he saw an African American man get on the bus. In Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter knowing Mrs. Dutta’s feeling about living with her son we can see why she is reluctant to share that information with her best friend as she thinks it would be un-honorable. We can also see that the feeling is mutual with her son’s wife. This explains the harsh attitude against Mrs. Dutta and Mrs. Dutta’s need to hide things from the family. In both stories the plot is mostly linear. In both stories you have the characters going though time as normal with few flash backs of the characters past. In Everything That Rises Must Converge Julian and his mother get on a bus to get to the YMCA, and there was only the flash back of when Julian remembers his Grandfather’s house. In Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter it goes through Mrs. Dutta’s daily routine but she has flash backs of when she lived in India. With both stories having a third person point of view, you have the narrative person telling most of the characters emotions rather than showing how they react to situations Lastly we can assess the themes of both stories, and how they are affected by the voice. With the voice being close to the characters in both stories, we can see how different situations may arise. The theme of Everything That Rises Must Converge is about the act of rebelling. The voice shows how Julian makes different ideas up in his mind for ways to rebel against his mother. In Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter the theme in the story is the many differences between traditional Indians and modern Indians living in America and the conflict that this cultural divide can create. The voice shows the constant emotional battle the Mrs. Dutta has with herself and her daughter-in-law. With in both of these short stories we can see how a similar voice and point of view can be used for two completely different works. The voice and point of view are made to portray a cretin way to the reader.

Curricular Implications for Students Essay

Efficient administrators must make certain their schools are in compliance with district, state, and federal educational guidelines. These statutes include identifying and delivering specified instructional lessons for students who qualify for services under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), and the students who qualify for ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages). Academic leaders who ensure compliance among these regulations and educate themselves on the appropriate instructional practices, will properly assist their teachers and students in finding academic success. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 was originated to ban intolerance and expel obstacles against any person who has a disability but who does not qualify for Special Education Services in an academic setting. The objective of Section 504 is to provide access to federally funded programs for students who qualify for this regulation. Educational organizations are required by law to offer an equivalent and equitable education to students who have a disability and who need modifications and accommodations in order to be successful in any educational program or service. When providing services and curriculum under Section 504, administrators at my case study school must ensure their teachers are supplying students with the correct accommodations and modifications. Accommodations permit the students to obtain the same course of study as a general education student without making changes to their coursework. Students who qualify for Section 504 at my case study school receive additional time to complete assignments, changes in the presentation and delivery of the subject matter, provided with a setting that is comfortable for the student to complete his/her work within, and an environment that will help students access the same information as their general education peers. There are numerous vital administrative implications under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. My case study school administrators educate and involve themselves in the process of identifying, assessing, and providing the right accommodations and modifications for students who qualify for Section 504. When principals take the time to help write 504 Plans, they know exactly what the qualifying student needs in order to be successful in an academic setting. Additionally, the administrators I work with must continually be aware of their students’ academic statuses, continually provide students with proper assistance, and offer their teachers the correct professional development opportunities to keep up with current research-based teaching methods and strategies. Jane Doe, my case study school administrator, has educated herself on the purpose of Section 504. She follows all guidelines and educates her teachers, staff, stakeholders, and students on the importance of protecting students with impairments from discrimination that may be related to their specific and individual disabilities. Ms. Doe also knows that the evaluation and placement procedures for students who may qualify for a 504 Plan requires that the students’ specific information must be obtained from a variety of reliable sources and that all prior, current, and post data must be documented and considered during the entire evaluation and decision making process. In addition, my case study administrator knows it is of equal importance to consistently inform parents about the Section 504 process. Parents need to be effectively educated on this entire process and learn how they can assist their child at home. The administrative team at my case study school consistently involve themselves in the 504 Plan process by sending home the required notices to parents regarding identification, evaluation, and/or placement in addition to notification of the periodic reevaluations of students with 504 plans. Although Section 504 does not specify any timelines for initial placement, the earlier the detection, evaluation, and eligibility, the earlier interventions can be put into place for the success of the student who has been given a 504 Plan. Students at my case study school who have 504 Plan accommodations and modifications remain with their peers in a basic education classroom throughout the day and are provided with equal and equitable access to their coursework. Their teachers are certified in the area of educating students with 504 plans and provide students with the accommodations and modifications they need to find success in their classes. My case study school principal takes an active role in the identification, evaluation, and planning of all 504 implications. She assists in the decision making process and communicates openly and effectively with the parents and other family members in the 504 educational planning for each particular student in my case study school. She also informs all stakeholders of 504 eligibility rates and gives them the strategies that will be implemented to help these students succeed in their school, community and life. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a federal mandate that regulates how educational agencies supply children with disabilities early intervention services, special education classes, and additional assistance that is equitable to a general education student who does not have a disability. The services under the IDEA law are offered to children from birth to age 21. Students who qualify for services under the IDEA Act are taught with standards based approaches that include evidence of performance goals and indicators within their Individualized Education Plan (IEP). My case study school uses a curricular approach, also known as standards based education when planning the educational future for the students who qualify for IDEA. This type of standards based education, has four essential parts to assist students in achieving academic success. First, guidelines are made for what students should know and be able to do at various grade levels in my case study school (grades 9-12). Next, the curriculum for each particular student is then designed. This curriculum is based on the initial guidelines of standards based education and the grade level of each particular student. Depending on the chosen curricula for each student, teachers must then devise personalized and differientiated course work and effective instructional strategies that will assist in the students’ academic success. These strategies must be appropriate for each individual student. Finally, students are evaluated at different junctures in their school career to determine how wel l my case study school is assisting students to meet the set standards. Standard based education is the best fit for the students at my case study school. â€Å"By setting high standards, individualizing the curriculum and instruction, and holding teachers accountable for how well their students are meeting the standards will help educational quality rise for all our students†. (Jane Doe, January 25, 2010). Parents of the students who fall under the IDEA provisions, must receive written notice that pertains to the identification, evaluation, and placement of their child in any special education program. The administrative team at my case study school ensures this mandate is followed. They specifically write and send home these notices to parents and attend the meetings that pertain to special education classes. My case study administrator feels it is important to develop relationships with these parents so they are educated and comfortable with their child’s IEP (Individualized Educational Plan). In addition, she has developed a â€Å"Family Education Night† specifically for parents of students who fall under the IDEA provisions. By developing family educational programs and other support programs for parents of students with disabilities, she is educating and engaging the families so they can share the decision making process for students with exceptional learning needs. My case study administrator also provides ongoing communication and collaborates with them as well as other administrators in similar instructional settings to improve the special education services at her school. My case study administrator ensures her teachers are using effective instructional strategies for the success of her students who are placed in her school through the IDEA mandates. In order for her to supply these students with a Free, Appropriate Public Education (FAPE), Ms. Doe and her administrative team work with all special education teachers to assist in the specially designed instruction that will meet the distinctive needs of students with disabilities. Ms. Doe also gives her teachers and herself the opportunity to attend numerous professional development offerings. It is at these meetings that her and her school’s teachers learn about the important research-based instructional strategies and programs that will have the most profound affect on the students who are protected by the IDEA rules and regulations. My case study administrator wants her teachers to learn the most effective and specially designed instruction for the benefit of their students. â€Å"All studen ts at my school will be given the fullest educational opportunity where they will learn how to overcome their disability and find success in school and life†. (Jane Doe, January 27, 2011). In addition to the mandates and guidelines for students with disabilities, there are also regulations and laws that must be followed for our English Language Learner (ELL) education. Administrators must ensure their academic institutions are providing ELLs with programs that utilize scientifically researched based materials and strategies. They must also ensure the teachers who are instructing ELL students are ESOL certified or endorsed. Choosing the appropriate programs, lessons, and strategies for ELL students is important to their success in acquiring English language skills while also becoming successful learners. In order for my case study school to be in compliance with state and federal mandates, the administrative team ensures their ELL students are given equal access to all curricular realms at the school, modifications are made in all subject areas within the classroom, and the ELL students are given appropriate resources to assist in the acquisition of the English language. In the U.S. Supreme Court Case, Lau vs. Nichols of 1974, it states that all ELL students should have equal access to the same programs as basic education students. My case study school is in compliance with this mandate. They comply by testing ELL students in their native language to see if the student qualifies for our school district’s Gifted Program or the Advanced Placement (AP) classes. This programmatic access allows the ELL population the chance to accelerate their learning even though they may not be proficient speakers, readers or writers of the English language. â€Å"Even though a student may not be able to speak the English language, that student may still be eligible for Gifted and or Advanced Placement (AP) Programs†. (Jane Doe, January 27, 2011). While access to all academic programs in school is a mandate for all ELL students, the teachers of these programs must also make academically appropriate modifications for the ELL students in order for them to achieve academic success. Under the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court Case, Castaneda vs. Pickard of 1981, school districts are required to follow specific guidelines in programs serving ELL students. One specific guideline within my case study school’s ELL Program is that all work assigned to ELL students must be modified to the level and understanding of that particular ELL student. This same court case mandates that ELL programs must be given adequate resources and personnel. My case study school complies by this ruling by the hiring and training of a bilingual ESOL instructional assistant to work with the ELL students in their native language. This person attends classes with ELL students to help translate the lesson or activity the teacher is delivering to the student in their native language. This ESOL instructional Assistant is a resource the students in the ESOL program need to utilize for their success in academics and in their success of the English language acquisition. My case study administrator also provides the ELL students with the appropriate resources and textbooks for their learning. All ELL students are given a textbook in English and a textbook in their native language. This allows them to have a side by side resource to learn from. It also allows them to be able to translate the information more efficiently and effectively. In addition, my case study administrator sends the teachers of ELL students to appropriate professional development trainings so they can learn the newest and most influential researched-based activities for our ELL students to learn from.

Law Case Study Wholesome Vegetables Ltd

INTRODUCTION A contract has been defined as a legally binding agreement or, in the words of Sir Frederick Pollock: ‘A promise or set of promises which the law will enforce’. However, not all promises or agreements give rise to contracts. According to the case study, Andrew, who works as a salesman at Wholesome Vegetables Ltd, offering to sell Ben 100 bags of potatoes at ? 10 per bag. At first Ben accepted Andrew’s offer but when he heard the news about a slump in the price of potatoes which has fallen to ? 7 per bag, he refuses to accept delivery of Andrew’s pricey potatoes.Therefore there are some issues discussed based on this situation. The discussion includes the requirements that must be met for a contract to exist between Andrew and Ben, the legal effect of Andrew’s fax and Ben’s letter and the explanation of Ben’s text message. QUESTION 1 A contract has many definitions, but one of the simplest definitions for a contract is a â⠂¬Å"promise enforceable by law† (Michael. H, 2010). The promise may be to do something or to refrain from doing something. The making of a contract requires the mutual assent (agreement) of two or more person, one of them normally making an offer and the other accepting it.If one of the parties (persons) fails to keep his or her promise, the other is entitled to legal recourse against that person. There are seven requirements necessary for a contract to be valid (Riches. S,2009): 1. Agreement The first requisite of any contract is an agreement. At least two parties are required; one of them, the offeror, makes an offer which the other, the offeree, accepts. In this case, Andrew is the offeror and the offeree is Ben. 2. 1 Offer An offer is an expression of willingness to contract made with an intention that it shall become binding on the offeror as soon as it is accepted by the offeree.A genuine offer is different from what is known as an â€Å"invitation to treat†, i. e . where a party is merely inviting offers, which he is then free to accept or reject. The following are examples of invitation to treat: auction, display of goods, advertisements, mere statements of price and tenders. An offer can be terminated by acceptance, rejection, revocation, counter offer, lapse of time, failure of a condition and death. 2. 2 Acceptance Once the presence of a valid offer has been established, the next stage in the information of an agreement is to find an acceptance of that offer. The acceptance must be made while the offer is still open.It must be absolute and unqualified. 2. Consideration The mere fact of agreement alone does not make a contract. Both parties to the contract must provide consideration if they wish to sue on the contract. This means that each side must promise to give or do something for the other. 3. 3 Executory consideration Consideration is called â€Å"executory† where there is an exchange of promises to perform acts in the future , eg a bilateral contract for the supply of goods whereby A promises to deliver goods to B at a future date and B promises to pay on delivery. If A does not deliver them, this is a breach of contract and B can sue.If A delivers the goods his consideration then becomes executed. 3. 4 Executed consideration If one party makes a promise in exchange for an act by the other party, when that act is completed, it is executed consideration, eg in a unilateral contract where A offers ? 50 reward for the return of her lost handbag, if B finds the bag and returns it, B's consideration is executed. There are some rules governed in consideration. Consideration must not be in the past. If one party voluntarily performs an act, and the other party then makes a promise, the consideration for the promise is said to be in the past.Past consideration is regarded as no consideration at all. Consideration must move from the promise. If A (the promisor) makes a promise to B (the promise), the promise wil l only be enforceable (unless made in the form of a deed) if B can show that he has provided consideration in return for A’ promise. Consideration must not be illegal. The courts will not entertain an action where the consideration is contrary to a rule of law or is immoral. Consideration must be sufficient but need not be adequate. It must be possible to attach some value to the consideration but there is no requirement for the bargain to be strictly commercial. . Intention The parties must intend the agreement to be legally binding. The nearest the courts can get to discover this intention is to apply an objective test and judge the situation by what was said and done. The law divides agreements into two groups, social ; domestic agreements and business agreements. 4. Form Some contracts are indeed in writing but the majority are created much more informally either orally or implied from conduct. Generally, the law does not require complex formalities to be observed to form a contract. Some types of contracts which are exceptions to this rule.They are contracts which must be in the form of a deed, contracts which must be in writing and contracts and contracts which must be evidenced in writing. 5. Capacity Capacity is also one of the requirements for a contract to be valid. The parties must be legally capable of entering into a contract. There are, however, some groups of people who are in need of the law’s protection either because of their age or inability to appreciate their own actions. The groups which are covered bu special rules are those under the age of 18 (minors), mental patients and drunks. . Genuineness of consent The most basic requirement of a contract is the presence of an agreement. It must have been entered into voluntarily and involved ‘a genuine meeting of minds’. The agreement may be invalidated by a number of factors which are mistake, misrepresentation, duress and undue influence. 7. Legality The principle of freedom of contract is subject to a basic rule that the courts will not uphold an agreement which is illegal or contrary to public policy. Where the contract involves some kind of moral wrongdoing, it will be illegal.If, however, the conduct is neither immoral nor blameworthy, but simply undesirable, the contract will be void. A court may object to an agreement either because of a rule of common law or because it is contrary to statute. In a nut shell, all the requirements stated above must be met for a contract to exist between Andrew and Ben. Question 2 In the case study given, Andrew’s letter on the 21st February is considered as an offer in the law of contract. An offer is an expression of willingness to contract made with the intention that it shall become binding on the offeror as soon as it is accepted by the offeree.It is clearly stated that its an offer when Andrew wrote a letter to Ben, owner of the retail shop offering to sell him 100 bags of potatoes at 10 per ba g. This is also known as a bilateral contract in the law of contract. An example to exemplify this case (Carlil v Carbolic Smoke Ball). Ben’s reply on the 23rd February is acceptance. He replied accepting Andrew’s offer but adding that if he did not hear from Andrew, he would assume that the price included delivery to his (Ben’s) shop. On the 24th February, the acceptance to be considered as an counter-offer introducing the new requirements.If in his reply to an offer, the offeree introduces a new term or varies the terms of the offer, then that reply cannot amount to an acceptance. Instead, the reply is treated as a â€Å"counter offer†, which the original offeror is free to accept or reject. A counter-offer also amounts to a rejection of the original offer which cannot then be subsequently accepted. This can be seen in the case of ( Hyde v Wrench). Based on the case given, on the 24th February, before Ben’s letter arrived. Andrew heard a rumour t hat the price of potatoes was about to slump dramatically. Andrew immediately sent a fax to Ben, stating that the price includes delivery.This is merely counter offering the previous offer. Therefore, when Ben also heard the news about the slump in the price of potatoes where upon he sent Andrew a text message stating ‘decline your offer of pots’ clearly shows that he varies the terms of the offer and it cannot amount to an acceptance. A counter-offer should be distinguished from a mere request for information. If A makes an offer on his standard document and B accepts on a document containing his conflicting standard terms, a contract will be made on B's terms if A acts upon B's communication, example by delivering goods.This situation is known as the â€Å"battle of the forms†. An example to this is the case of (Stevenson v Mc Lean). Wrapping up the case, in the case of Andrew v Ben, it is undoubtedly seen that counter-offer takes place and hence Ben’s i s competent to reject the delivery of Andrew’s pricey potatoes. Question 3 On 24 February before 10 a. m, Andrew heard rumors about the price drop in potatoes market. He immediately send a fax to Ben stating that â€Å"price include delivery†. This shows that offeror had sent a fax to offeree just to provide additional service without extra charges.As Ben already accept the offer on 23 February, and the offer is now ? 10 per bag of potatoes including delivery fee with extra service provide. The contract is still accepted by Ben and just added additional services which show in fax â€Å"price include delivery† as additional contract terms confirm that Andrew will provide ? 10 per bag of potatoes including delivery fee. Even if offeree does not want to accept additional terms from offerer, offeree is still in a previous contract position which is accepting the contract. On 24 February after 10 a. m, Ben had receive a fax from Andrew which stated that â€Å"price include delivery†.Ben accepts the offer of Andrew for ? 10 per bag of potatoes includes delivery, and so Ben posted a letter to confirm his acceptance of Andrew terms. When a letter is posted, the acceptance of the contract is consider accepted. According to Postal Acceptance Rules, once the letter is posted, it is consider as acceptance no matter it reached the offeror or not at that time (Duhaime, n. d. ). There is a similar case of Postal Acceptance Rule: Household Fire Insurance Co. V. Grant. During 30 September 1874, Grant had applied for 100 shares from Household Fire and Carriage Accident Insurance Company Ltd.The company had accepted Grant offer and allotted him 100 shares on 20 October 1874 which using letter posted the confirmation to Grant address. However, the letter does not reach Grant address which means Grant did not receive the acceptance letter from Household Fire Insurance Company. Grant though that his offer for 100 shares has not been approved. On March 18 77, Grant received a letter demanding payment upon the call of 100 shares. The jury also found that the letter of Grant allotment had been posted on 20 October 1874. For the above case Fire Insurance Co. V.Grant, the court concluded that there was a valid contract base on the Postal Acceptance Rule. Because the rule for post is the acceptance is effective even if the letter did not arrive to the parties. The Postal Acceptance Rule is design to prevent anyone try to opt out of the rule, once someone posted acceptance, the contract had came into effect. This rule can apply to Ben and Andrew case, which Ben posted a letter which confirms the acceptance of the contract terms between Andrew and Ben. Which means once the offeree posted the acceptance letter, the contract is consider bound to the offerer.However, over the lunch time, Ben also heard news about the slump price in potatoes market. Ben immediately sends a text message stating that â€Å"decline your offer of pots† to An drew. This means that after Ben knew about the slump price in potatoes, he send text message to Andrew to reject his offer. This text message is come secondly after the letter posted. According to Postal Acceptance Rule the counter acceptance or rejection will only be replace if the parties mention it from their contract, required receive by offeror in order to be treat as acceptance (Corrigan, 1997).There is a similar case of replace acceptance â€Å"Entores V. Miles Far East Corp†. Entores and Miles Far East Corp are communicated trade agreements through Telex machine. Entores was base in London and send telex for purchase of copper from company Miles Far East Corp base in Amsterdam. Entores found out that Miles Far East Corp was not fulfilled the contract and sue the Corp for damages. Entores sue Miles Far East Corp for breach of contract in English law jurisdiction. It could prove that the contract was formed within the jurisdiction.The court concluded that, when offer is made by telex or text message, the offeror must receive the acceptance. If the offeror is receiving the telex, it is consider contract is bound. This same goes to the letter of Ben post, even if the letter is not reached Andrew, the contract of acceptance is considered to be bound. The text message send by Ben afterward is decide by Andrew either to be accept or to be reject the rejection from Ben. The contract of Ben and Andrew is still ? 10 per bag of potatoes includes delivery is already accepted by Ben.According to Ben and Andrew case, when the price of potatoes drop to ? 7 per bag, Andrew immediately counter offer to Ben include delivery, Ben accept Andrew terms before knowing the price drop in Potatoes. After that, Ben realise the price drop of potatoes, he reject the offer and refuse to accept delivery of Andrew pricey potatoes. If offeree refuses to accept the delivery of offerer pricey potatoes, offeree will be breaching the contract terms and fall under offer acceptance l aw case. As the contract of Ben and Andrew is ? 10 per bag of potatoes include delivery which is accepted by Ben.The contract is still active between Ben and Andrew, once the contract is bind between offeror and offeree is not able to revoke. The following rejection by text message from Ben to Andrew is considered as another term of new offer contract which needed Andrew to be accepting. However, Andrew didn’t reply the acceptance of Ben rejection. This means that, Ben have to stick to the first terms of ? 10 per bag of potatoes include delivery. If the case is bring to the court, mostly Andrew will win the case as according to the contract terms, Ben already accept the offer of ? 0 per bag of potatoes include delivery. The offeree (Ben) had accepted the offer at first and the counter rejection of offeree will not be taken in place if the offeror (Andrew) did not want to accept the rejection from offeree. If the offeror (Andrew) did not accept the counter rejection, it consid er as Ben accept the offer and need to purchase ? 10 per bag of potatoes include delivery from Andrew for 100 bags. If Ben is still refuse to accept the Andrew offer, Ben will need to pay compensation to Andrew for breach of contract. Question 4On 21st of February, Andrew is salesman at Wholesome Vegetables Ltd, who offered to sell 100 bags of potatoes at ? 10 to Ben, owner of retail shop. On 23rd of February, Ben replied accepting Andrew’s offer but adding the delivery to his (Ben’s) shop into the price if he did not hear from Andrew. It means the price of potatoes is ? 10 per bag included delivery. On 24th of February, Andrew heard that the price of potatoes is going to fall down dramatically and later Ben is received a fax from Andrew stated that â€Å"price include delivery†. Before 10 a. m, Ben received Andrew’s fax and he accepted the offer of Andrew for ? 0 per bag of potatoes included delivery. After Ben sent a fax to Andrew about his acceptance, both of them already formed a contract of law. The issue appeared in this case when Ben knew about a slump in the price of potatoes over lunch, he sent Andrew a text message â€Å"decline your offer of pots† and he was too late to revoke his acceptance of Andrew’s term because they already made a contract after 10 a. m on 24th of February. The reason Ben wanted to revoke the contract because the price of potatoes in contract that Ben have to pay for Andrew is more expensive than after a slump in the price.Revocation is effective when it is communicated to the offeree before he or she has accepted the offer (Will and Weinstein, 2010) Revocation is one of termination of contract that has similar situation in this case: Byrne and Leon van Tienhoven [1880]. On 1st of October, Leon Van Tienhoven were defendants located in Cardiff, they sent a letter from their office to Byrne ; Co in New York offering to sell the plaintiffs 1,000 boxes of tin plates. On 11th of October, the plaintiffs immediately telegraphed acceptance of offer after they received the letter and it is confirmed in a letter posted on 15th of October.Meanwhile, on 8th of October, the defendants had written a letter to revoke their offer, and it came to plaintiffs on 20th of October. A binding contract was held, because revocation was only influenced by communication, however, the acceptance was telegraphed took effect as soon as it was sent. In this case, it took 9 days from 11th to 20th of October for plaintiffs to received revocation. On 11th of October, the contract had been made already at that time the second letter form defendants reached the plaintiffs.The contract had been existed in this case when the claimants accepted the defendants’ offer at that date. Lindley J, who was giving judgment for plaintiffs, stated that â€Å"the extreme injustice and inconvenience which other conclusion would produce† (Cheshire, Fifoot ; Furmston’sLaw of contract, 1996). This issue happened because the letter of revocation had no communication to the offeree. According to Introduction to the law of contract, the offer could be revoked by offeror without telling offeree, and the information may be conveyed by a reliable third party.In the case of business, a letter from offeror to offereeon a normal working day should be treated as a communication even if unopened (Cheshirem, Fifoot;Furmston’s Law of contract, 1996). Held: In this particular case, Lindle J had no authority in fact given by the plaintiffs to defendants to inform a withdrawal of their offer by posting the letter, the fact is the letter of the 8th of October is be treated as communicated to the plaintiffs on that day or any day before the 20th. ConclusionIn conclusion, Ben has a legal binding contract with Andrew. According to the case of Andrew v Ben, it is noticeably seen that the whole cased is based on the law of contract. A contract may be defined as a legally binding agreement or, in the words of Sir Frederick Pollock:†A promise or set of promises which the law will enforce†. The agreement will create rights and obligations that may be enforced in the courts. It is classified as a contract is deed and it is known as a bilateral contract.This imply where a promise of one party is exchanged for a promise by the other. The exchange of promises is enough to render them both enforceable. Thus in a contract for the sale of goods, the buyer promises to pay the price and the seller promises to deliver the goods. The elements involved in the contract are agreement, consideration, intention to create legal relation and consent. A contract which possesses all these requirements is said to be valid. The absence of an essential element will render the contract void, voidable or unenforceable.The terms of the contract is Ben accepting 100 bags of potatoes for ? 10 per bag of potatoes including delivery fee from Andrew. If let say offerer (Andrew) accept the rejection of offeree (Ben) text message, the acceptance contract will be terminated. However, if offerer (Andrew) still deciding to supply the stock of potatoes to offeree (Ben), Ben would have to purchase the 100 bags of potatoes with ? 10 per bag of potatoes including delivery fee. On the other hand, if offeree (Ben) refuses to accept the 100 bags of potatoes with ? 0 per bag including delivery, offerer (Andrew) can sue offeree (Ben) for breach of contract. The probability of claimant (Andrew) could win the case is high as defendant (Ben) has proven accept the acceptance contract terms. In our opinion, this case study is related to offer and acceptance rules. The oferee (Ben) should accept the 100 bags of potatoes for ? 10 per bag of potatoes including delivery fee as offerer (Andrew) has an evidence of acceptance contract binding between Ben and Andrew.

Answer All Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Answer All Questions - Essay Example 150). In a scatter plot diagram, the more two variables are highly correlated; the data points would cluster closer around an imaginary line. For perfect correlation, the data points fall on the straight line. b. A very strong correlation: The degree of relationship between two variables is measured by the correlation coefficient. The stronger the relationship between the variables, the closer the coefficient would move to either +1.00 or -1.00. When the measure of correlation moves closer to either of these two values, it is said that a very strong correlation exists between the two variables. c. Null correlation: Two variables are aid to have null correlation is there is no correlation between them. This happens in case of comparing two variables that are not at all related to one another. The correlation coefficient is 0.90 approximately. The variables under consideration are sales and advertisement. The value of correlation is 0.90 which implies that there exists a strong positive correlation between the variables. The result shows that the advertising made by the company has a positive effect on its sales. The sales are boosted owing to the advertisement. iii) a. The regression model is a multiple regression model and has four independent variables. The dependent variable is the number of copies sold. The only significant value obtained is between the number of pages and the number of copies sold, which is 0.13